Evidence-based terrorism
Updated_20040830
|
|
Evidence-based terrorism |
|
|
Updated_20040830 |
| The world under threat |
Evidence-based Disaster Medicine
Arnold J. Yale New Haven Center for Emergency and Terrorism Preparedness. From
2004 Apr. Qatar Conf.
Journal of PREHOSPITAL AND DISASTER MEDICINE
Médicine Pre-Hospitalière et Médicine de Catastrophe
Medicina Prehospitalária y de Catástrofes
The Official Medical Journal of the World
Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine and the Nordic Society for
Disaster Medicine
Terrorism
history Still pending
| 9-11 NY WTC | March-11 Madrid |
McKinsey independent initial report 9/11 Commission full report WTC and Pentagon 9/11Selected Resources http://www.911investigations.net/ One of the most complete documents database http://www.911review.org http://www.serendipity.li An iconoclast but interesting critical thinking about Federal Building Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster. Project #8. Emergency Response 
 Lawson JR |
Preliminary prehospital analysis March-11 Madrid EMS analysis. An analytical report. (Evidence-based March-11)
Serrano Moraza A, Briñas Freire MJ, Pacheco Rodríguez A, Pérez Belleboni A March-11 Madrid SUMMA 112 Coordination
Briñas Freire MJ. EMD. Serrano Moraza A Análisis Técnico de la Respuesta sanitaria del 11-M
Serrano Moraza A, Briñas Freire MJ Hospital data 11 March 2004: The terrorist bomb explosions in Madrid, Spain –an analysis of the logistics, injuries sustained and clinical management of casualties treated at the closest hospital Peral Gutierrez de Ceballos J, Turégano-Fuentes F, Perez-Diaz D,Sanz-Sanchez M, Martín Llorente C, Guerrero Sanz JE  Critical Care 2004;8 (DOI 10.1186/cc2995) Terrorist bombings in Madrid [editorial]
Frykberg E. Critical Care 2004;8 (DOI 10.1186/cc2997) Madrid. 11 de marzo 2004. Datos Doce de Octubre
Blanco Echevarría A. www.jemu.net Biarritz, Nov. 2004. Applied_Principles_Lessons-Learned
David TE. From the CDC And some other articles about blast injury from the same source |
| Fighting against terrorism |
The
human dimension of disasters: improving societal resilence through the
application of sociological research
Tierney K
The human factors response to terrorism
Hancock P
Information Fusion for
Natural and Man-Made Disasters: Earthquakes and ChemBio Threats
Llinas
J
Emergency
management & mass casualty terrorism
Barbera JA
* Next table is adapted from
Gilmore X. Structuring a strategic
vision for the United States in the war of terrorism
|
|
Awareness | Prevent | Prepare | Respond | Recover | ||||
|
|
Analyze Assess Advise Predict Monitor Forecast Detect Intel HSAS threat level |
Detect Mitigate Interdict Immunize Investigate Quarantine Protect Preempt Disrupt Deter Defend Intel |
Train Equip Exercise Stockpile Readiness Pre-deploy Credential Evaluate Develop Test Shelter Evacuate |
Rescue Save lives Protect property Protect environment Investigate |
Restore Return to normal Reconstitute Rebuild Cleanup Prosecute |
Changing
relationship between science and government post 9-11-02
Branscombe LM
Transportation
Security: Safeguarding
the Shipment of America's Most Dangerous Cargoes against Terrorist Attack
Badolato E
Miniature integrated nuclear detection system (MINDS)
Gentile C, Meixler L
Preparing for terrorism
Mozingo A
A response to terrorism
From Drexel Univ. Dpt. of Public Safety
Natural
disaster reduction
Selvaduray
G
The
regulated research university, post 9/11/2001. Restrictions on University
Research Activity
Biohazardous materials. Export controls
Bienstock
R
Social science and disaster research. Perspectives on the September 11
attacks
Tierney K
Terrorism
resources and information
The
Medical Response to Modern Terrorism: Why
the “Rules of Engagement” Have Changed
Eckstein M. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34:219-221.
Telecommunications
Systems in Support of Disaster
Medicine: Applications of Basic Information
Pathways
Garshnek
V, Burkle FM. Ann
Emerg Med August 1999;34:213-218
Terrorism
and the Ethics of EmergencyMedical
Care
Pesik N, Keim ME, Iserson KV. Ann
Emerg Med. June
2001;37:642-646
The impact of mass casualties on the Health
Care Delivery System - conventional injuries
González MS
Wireless Internet Information
System for Medical Response in Disasters (WIISARD)
From
UCSD School of Medicine
The
vital role of communications in controlling crisis and emergency response
Lynch
K
Interoperability.
A Guide to Communications Planning
Worthington
M
Explosions
and blast injuries
Wightman JM, Gladish SL. Ann Emerg
Med. June
2001;37:664-678
Eardrum
perforation in explosion survivors: Is it a marker of pulmonary blast injury?
Pending
Leibovici D, Gofrit ON, Shapira SC. Ann
Emerg MedAugust 1999;34:168-172
Argentine
Jewish Community Institution Bomb Explosion Pending
Biancolini CA, del Bosco CG, Jorge MA
J Trauma 1999;47(4):728
Life Sign
Detection Component of WPSM for Casualty Care and Triage
Pending
Pearce FJ
Medical management of disasters and mass casualties from terrorist bombings:
how can we cope? Pending
Frykberg ER. J Trauma 2002;53(2):201-212.
Blast injuries: bus versus open-air bombings.
A comparative study of injuries in survivors of open-air versus confined-space
explosions Pending
Leibovici, Dan MD; Gofrit, Ofer N. MD; Stein, Michael MD;
Shapira, Shmuel C. MD; Noga, Yossi MD; Heruti, Rafael J. MD; Shemer, Joshua MD
J Trauma 1996;41(6):1030-1035
Incident
Command System (ICS) and Emergency Management Training for
the Public Health Workforce
Denver
Center for Public Health Preparedness
(DCPHP).
June 12, 2003
And see also Prehospital triage.
| Bioterrorism preparedness |
Overview of
bioterrorism research at the
CDC
Snider DE
Terrorism rebuttal
Tolbert W
Bioterrorism
Web Resources 
From
the Public Health Preparedness Resource Guide. Aug 2003
Radiological terrorism: Introduction
Radiological terrorism. The "Dirty Bomb"
Bioterrorism
preparedness
Tisdale B
Air
Quality and The World Trade Center Disaster
| Post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD |
Syn: "soldier's heart", "shell
shock", "traumatophobia", "war neurosis", "rape
trauma syndrome" and so on.
First included in DSM-III in 1980.
Prevalence
Approx. 69 % population experience some form of PTSD during a
lifetime
Lifetime prevalence for PTSD 1-2.6 % in general population
Comorbid: substance abuse, major depresive disorder, suicide ideation
| a | Highest-level evidence |
Psychological debriefing for preventing post
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Cochrane Review) [abstract]
Rose S, Bisson J, Wessely S. In: The Cochrane Library 2004;3. Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Review of Single-Session Psychological
Interventions ('Debriefing') following Trauma [abstract]
Rose S, Bisson J, Wessely S. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2003;72:176-184
|
Reviewers'
conclusions: |
Evidence
Based Practice and Psychological Debriefing
Rose
S
Crisis
intervention and CISM: a research summary
Mitchell
JT
And bibliographic references:
Debriefing, Social Support and PTSD in the New Zealand Police: Testing a Multidimensional Model of Organizational Traumatic Stress
Stephens Ch
Individual differences and debriefing effectiveness
Morgan CC
A Critical View on Debriefing
Gist R
Social
Science versus Social Movements: The origins and Natural History of Debriefing
Gist R, Woodal SJ. The Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma
Studies 1998-1
And some evidence-based conclusions:
| There is no reliable
empirical evidence indicating demonstrable preventative effect (cf. Bisson
& Deal, 1994; Foa & Meadows, 1997; Gist, 1996a, 1996b; Gist &
Woodall, 1995; Kenardy & Carr, 1996; Meichenbaum, 1994; Raphael et
al., 1995; Stephens, 1997). What palliative effect may be derived it is no greater than that afforded by more traditional venues of discussion and social support (cf. Alexander & Wells, 1991; Hytten & Hasle, 1989; Gist et al., 1998; Stephens, 1997; Thompson & Solomon, 1991). There have been no systematic data reported that suggest any superiority of the "Mitchell model" of debriefing compared to any other method or approach. Paradoxical effects, possibly of iatrogenic origin, have been noted in independent studies (Bisson et al., 1997; Gist et al., 1998; Griffiths & Watts, 1992; Hobbs et al., 1996; McFarlane, 1988). The more rigorous the study, the more objective its measurements, the more independent the researchers, and the more discerning the publication venue, the more likely has been neutral to negative assessment. |
Psychological
Trauma and Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder: A Review
Flannery RB. International
Journal of Emergency
Mental Health, 1999, 2, 135-140
Psychological Debriefing for Road Traffic Accident Victims:
Three-Year Follow-Up of a Randomised Controlled Trial [abstract]
Mayou RA, Ehlers A, Hobbs M
Contemporary
Issues In The Treatment Of Trauma
Devilly
GJ
Effectiveness
of psychological debriefing [abstract]
Arendt M, Elklit A. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001;104(6):423-437
When
Doing the Right Thing Might Be Wrong
"Research
questions the value of Critical Incident Stress Debriefings (CISD)"
Slawinski
TT, Blythe BT
Psychological
Debriefing: Theory, Practice and Evidence
Raphael B, Wilson JP. Wilson. New York, Cambridge University Press 2000, 376 pp,
ISBN 0-521-64700-2
Does
early psychological intervention promote recovery from posttraumatic stress?
McNally RJ Bryant RA, Ehlers A. Psychological
science in the public interest 2003;4(2)
Mental health and mass violence. Evidence-based early
psychological intervention for victims/survivors of mass violence
A Workshop to Reach Consensus on
Best Practices
| a | General references |
Handbook
of post-traumatic therapy
Williams MB, Sommer JF
Psychological
debriefing
(PTSD history)
Burns P. The
Psychotherapist 2002:19:22-39
Behavioral Health Crisis
Response with First Responders
Havican
GC. By The Center for Trauma Response/Recovery and Preparedness
(CTRP).
A Univ. of Connecticut and Yale Univ. Center of Excellence
Psychological debriefing
The current status of psychological debriefing. It may do more harm than good
Kenardy J. Br Med J 2000;321(28):1032-33.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in people
with learning disability
McCarthy
J. PTS
Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2001;7:163–169. Advances in Psychiatric
Treatment (2001) 7: 163-169
Randomised controlled trial of midwife led
debriefing to reduce maternal depression after operative
childbirth
Small R, Lumley J, Donohue L,
Potter A, Waldenström U. Br Med J 2000;321(28):1043-1047
Assessing
PTSD. A guide for clinicians
Middleton WS
The
Stress & Trauma of Deployment
Pending
Pincus
SH.
Psychosocial Responses to
Bioterrorism and Disaster: Care of Individual Patients
Alcoholism and
posttraumatic stress disorder
Thornton JE
he Terrorist Attacks: Dealing
With the Emotional Consequences
Goldberg R. Well-Being Committee. American College of Emergency Physicians
Psychological
Intervention (II)
Pending
Psychological
debriefing. National Center for PTSD
Fact Sheet 
Bisson JL, McFarlane A, Rose S
Primary
Care And PTSD
Gebhart RJ, Neeley FL
A
Review of Psychological Debriefing
After Extreme Stress
Kaplan
Z, Iancu I, Bodner E. Psychiatr
Serv 2001;52:824-827
The human factors response to terrorism
Hancock P
Psychological
debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Cochrane
Review) [abstract]
Rose S, Bisson J, Wessely S. From
The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.
The Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Process for the
Los Angeles County Fire Department: Automatic and Effective
Hokanson M, Wirth B. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health.
Organisational Issues
Hugh G. Centre for Mental Health . Disaster Mental Health Response Workshops - June
2000 Session 1 1
Does debriefing after
psychological trauma work? [editorial]
Raphael
B, Meldrum L, Mcfarlane AC. Br Med J 1995;310:1479-1480.
Short reports. Questionnaire survey of
post-traumatic stress disorder in doctors involved in the Omagh bombing
Firth-Cozens J,
Midgley SJ, Burges C
Post-traumatic stress disorder in doctors involved
in the Omagh bombing [letter]
Summerfield D. Br Med J 2000;320:1276.
Critical incident stress
debriefing
The Mississippi Scale for
Civilian PTSD (CMS)
Keane TM, Caddell JM, Taylor
KL
Adult PTSD Self-Report
Measures
The
Iraq War Clinician Guide, 2nd Edition
Meaning
and the Modification of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
The debriefing
“controversy” and crisis intervention: a review of lexical and substantive
issues
Everly GS, Mitchell JT. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health
2000;2(4):211-225.
Trauma
as etiology
Freyd JJ, Birrell
P. Spring 2003 Graduate Seminar. University of Oregon
Innovations in Training & Employee Assistance
Guidelines
for key personnel following a traumatic event
The Mental Health Consequences of the WTC Attacks
From the The NJ Division of Mental Health Services.
Attacked
but Not Defeated. Bent but Not Broken
Smith
J, from Salus International. Business Leadership in the Aftermath of September 11th
International training and
response center
An excellent score
“Psychological Debriefing: Theory, Practice and
Evidence"
Book review. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care (JEPHC)
2003;1(1-2)
Beverley, Ed.
Raphael and John P. Wilson. New
York, Cambridge University Press 2000, 376 pp. ISBN
0-521-64700-2
Cooper A
Benjamin Psychiatric
Response to Large Scale Disasters
Carey BA
The
Evidence Base for Psychosocial and Psychopharmacological Interventions for
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Major Depressive
Disorder, Disruptive Behavior
Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Burns B, Compton SN, Egger HL, Farmer EMZ
Critical
Incident Stress Management (CISM)
Jones S
| a | Some links |
The
National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
The
American Academy of Expert in Traumatic Stress
The American Psychiatric Organization
The American
Psychological Association and related www.helping.apa.org/therapy/traumaticstress.html
Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder
Focus 2003; 1(3). Monographic
number [abstracts only].
Mental Health Workers Without Borders
Click on "Disasters" to bring up "Responding to the
Psychosocial Consequences of Disasters," a downloadable manual
The Walter Reed Army
Medical Center
Click on "Clinical Departments" and then "Social
Work." Once there, click on "Disaster Mental Health Services. A Manual
for Clinicians and Administrators"
The Center for Mental Health Services of the Department of Health and Human
Services
Click on "Mental Health: Disaster Mental Health Services
The International
Critical Incident Stress Foundation
http://www.swin.edu.au/victims
+ some links
David
Baldwin's Trauma Information Pages
Dealing
with disasters
Complete list of bibliographic references
Office for victims of crime
International
Critical Incident Stress Foundation
CISM
debunking